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Patients with the pyramidal type of cerebral palsy and spasticity can develop a number of secondary complications including:

  • Musculoskeletal (eg, contractures, scoliosis, weakness from inactivity and learned non-use)
  • Nutritional problems (eg, feeding difficulties, gastroesophageal reflux) 
  • Neurological problems (eg, spasticity, incontinence, seating and positioning) 
  • Educational problems (eg, primary learning disorders or impaired cognition and impaired communication) 

In addition, dyskinetic patients may show an evolution of their disorder with time:

  • May evolve from hypotonic to hypertonic • May maintain primitive reflexes (to their movement disorder)
  • Can show progressive dystonic, athetosis and chorea 
  • Go to Next section Management of spasticity in cerebral palsy Part II Passive and Active Examination

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