Movement disorders in childhood - Video Session: Illustrative Case Presentations

Administrator: Jonathan Mink, University of Rochester

Definition and classification of pediatric movement disorders
Dr. Sanem Yilmaz
Ege University Medical Faculty, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology
Turkey

Childhood movement disorders constitute an important area of pediatric neurology practice. Movement disorders are divided into two major categories. The first category is hyperkinetic movement disorders, including dystonia, chorea, myoclonus, tremor, tics and stereotypies. The second category is hypokinetic movement disorders including parkinsonism. The first step in determining the etiology and treatment of childhood movement disorders is to correctly classify the movement disorder. Even under the best circumstances, movement disorders may be difficult to characterize. The frequent coexistence of more than one movement disorder and other accompanying motor and mental problems make the classification of movement disorders even more difficult in childhood. The diagnosis of a movement disorder requires a qualitative appreciation of the movement type and context. To best classify the disorder phenomenologically, one should describe the characteristics of the movements. The purpose of this talk is to present a phenomenological approach to the classification of childhood movement disorders with video examples.

Movement disorders in neurometabolic disorders: Illustrative case presentations
Dr. Kursad Aydin
Medipol University Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology Istanbul, Turkey
Turkey
Movement disorders are among the most common neurological problems in inborn errors of metabolism, but, they are often overlooked due to other severe systemic and neurologic findings. Movement disorders are rarely the only and initial symptom of inborn errors of metabolism, but their recognition can contribute significantly to the differential diagnosis and treatment process. Common metabolic disorders presenting with movement disorders are; monoamine neurotransmitter disorders, aminoacid and organic acid metabolism disorders, mineral and vitamin metabolism disorders, lysosomal storage disorders, creatine metabolism disorders, and energy metabolism disorders. Disease-modifying treatments are available for a number of inborn errors of metabolism, and early diagnosis and treatment can prevent irreversible damage and reduce morbidity and mortality. This talk will focus on movement disorders associated with treatable inherited metabolic diseases presenting in childhood and their management options with illustrative case presentations.