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Table 1. Summary of molecular targets of current antiepileptic drugs (+ + + = princ
Voltage-gated HVA Ca2+ LVA Ca2+ Voltage-
Na+ channels channels channels K+ chan
Phenobarbital +++ + +++
Phenytoin ++
Ethosuximide +++ ++
Carbamazepine ++ ++ +
Sodium valproate ++ ++
Benzodiazepines +++ ++
Vigabatrin + ++
Lamotrigine ++ +
Gabapentin ++ ++
Felbamate
Topiramate +++
Tiagabine
Oxcarbazepine +++
Levetiracetam
Pregabalin +++
Zonisamide +++
Stiripentol +++
Rufinamide
Lacosamide
Eslicarbazepine acetate
Retigabine
Perampanel