Page 177 - ILAE_Lectures_2015

Table. Non-epileptic paroxysmal neurological and cardiac events.

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Syncope

Neurocardiogenic (also known as vasovagal, reflex, vasodepressor syncope)

Cardiac
Structural
Cardiomyopathies (obstructive, dilated, restrictive, right ventricular dysplasia)
Valvular disease (mitral and aortic stenosis and mitral valve prolapse)
Other (atrial myxoma)

Arrhythmia
Inherited (long-QT, Brugada and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndromes)
Acquired (SVT, VT, atrioventricular block, sinus node disease)

Orthostatic
Autonomic failure
Neuropathy
Complex autonomic failure (primary, multiple system atrophy)

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

Carotid sinus hypersensitivity
Situational
Tussive, micturition, swallowing

Neurological
Cerebrogenic cardiac arrhythmias

Drop attacks

Cardiac (as above)

Neurological
Cerebrospinal fluid dynamics
Colloid cyst of 3rd ventricle, Arnold-Chiari malformation

Diencephalic attacks

Lower limb weakness
Brainstem and spinal cord lesions and lower motor neuron disorders

Cataplexy

Idiopathic drop attacks

Vertebrobasilar ischaemia

Periodic hypo- and hyperkalaemic paralyses

Transient hypermotor episodes

Myoclonus
Cortical, subcortical, brainstem, spinal cord and lower motor neuron disorders