Page 370 - ILAE_Lectures_2015
P. 370

Conclusions

It is clear that a diagnosis of epilepsy is associated with an increased risk of premature death,
particularly in the early years following diagnosis. Up to one-third of such deaths can be directly
or indirectly attributable to epilepsy. This risk is decreased but probably not eliminated by
rendering the person completely seizure free by treatment.

References

1. NELIGAN A, BELL GS, SHORVON SD et al. Temporal trends in the mortality of people with epilepsy: A review.
      Epilepsia 2010;51:2241-6.

2. LOGROSCINO G, HESDORFFER DC. Methodologic issues in studies of mortality following epilepsy: measures, types
      of studies, sources of cases, cohort effects, and competing risks. Epilepsia 2005;46 Suppl 11:3-7.

3. BELL GS, GAITATZIS A, JOHNSON AL et al. Predictive value of death certification in the case ascertainment of
      epilepsy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004;75:1756-8.

4. HARVEY AS, NOLAN T, CARLIN JB. Community-based study of mortality in children with epilepsy. Epilepsia
      1993;34:597-603.

5. HAUSER WA, ANNEGERS JF, ELVEBACK LR. Mortality in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia 1980;21:399-412.
6. OLAFSSON E, HAUSER WA, GUDMUNDSSON G. Long-term survival of people with unprovoked seizures: a

      population-based study. Epilepsia 1998;39:89-92.
7. NELIGAN A, BELL GS, JOHNSON AL et al. The long-term risk of premature mortality in people with epilepsy. Brain

      2011;134:388-95.
8. HAUSER WA, BEGHI E. First seizure definitions and worldwide incidence and mortality. Epilepsia 2008;49 Suppl

      1:8-12.
9. FORSGREN L, HAUSER WA, OLAFSSON E et al. Mortality of epilepsy in developed countries: a review. Epilepsia

      2005;46 Suppl 11:18-27.
10. COCKERELL OC, JOHNSON AL, SANDER JW et al. Mortality from epilepsy: results from a prospective population-

      based study. Lancet 1994;344:918-21.
11. LHATOO SD, JOHNSON AL, GOODRIDGE DM et al. Mortality in epilepsy in the first 11 to 14 years after diagnosis:

      multivariate analysis of a long-term, prospective, population-based cohort. Ann Neurol 2001;49:336-44.
12. LOISEAU J, PICOT MC, LOISEAU P. Short-term mortality after a first epileptic seizure: a population-based study.

      Epilepsia 1999;40:1388-92.
13. DING D, WANG W, WU J et al. Premature mortality risk in people with convulsive epilepsy: Long follow-up of a

      cohort in rural China. Epilepsia 2013;54:512-7.
14. DING D, WANG W, WU J et al. Premature mortality in people with epilepsy in rural China: a prospective study. Lancet

      Neurol 2006;5:823-7.
15. MU J, LIU L, ZHANG Q et al. Causes of death among people with convulsive epilepsy in rural West China: a

      prospective study. Neurology 2011;77:132-7.
16. GAITATZIS A, JOHNSON AL, CHADWICK DW et al. Life expectancy in people with newly diagnosed epilepsy.

      Brain 2004;127:2427-32.
17. CAMFIELD CS, CAMFIELD PR, VEUGELERS PJ. Death in children with epilepsy: a population-based study. Lancet

      2002;359:1891-5.
18. SILLANPAA M, JALAVA M, KALEVA O et al. Long-term prognosis of seizures with onset in childhood. N Engl J

      Med 1998;338:1715-22.
19. SILLANPAA M, SHINNAR S. Long-Term mortality in childhood-onset epilepsy. N Engl J Med 2010;363:2522-9.
20. SHACKLETON DP, WESTENDORP RG, TRENITE DG et al. Mortality in patients with epilepsy: 40 years of follow

      up in a Dutch cohort study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999;66:636-40.
21. NILSSON L, TOMSON T, FARAHMAND BY et al. Cause-specific mortality in epilepsy: a cohort study of more than

      9,000 patients once hospitalized for epilepsy. Epilepsia 1997;38:1062-8.
22. ANNEGERS JF, HAUSER WA, SHIRTS SB. Heart disease mortality and morbidity in patients with epilepsy. Epilepsia

      1984;25:699-704.
23. FORSGREN L, EDVINSSON SO, NYSTROM L et al. Influence of epilepsy on mortality in mental retardation: an

      epidemiologic study. Epilepsia 1996;37:956-63.
24. KLENERMAN P, SANDER JW, SHORVON SD. Mortality in patients with epilepsy: a study of patients in long term

      residential care. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:149-52.
25. SINGH G, FLETCHER O, BELL GS et al. Cancer mortality amongst people with epilepsy: a study of two cohorts with

      severe and presumed milder epilepsy. Epilepsy Res 2009;83:190-7.
26. NEVALAINEN O, RAITANEN J, ANSAKOPI H et al. Long-term mortality risk by cause of death in newly diagnosed

      patients with epilepsy in Finland: a nationwide register –based study. Eur J Epidemiol 2013;28:981-90.
27. GRANBICHLER CA, OBERAIGNER W, KUCHUKHIDZE G et al. Cause-specific mortality in adult epilepsy patients

      from Tyrol, Austria: hospital-based study. J Neurol 2015;262:126-33.
28. CALLAGHAN B, CHOI H, SCHLESINGER M et al. Increased mortality persists in an adult drug-resistant epilepsy

      prevalence cohort. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014;85:1084-90.
   365   366   367   368   369   370   371   372   373   374   375