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Clinical, electrophysiological and radiological profile of focal cortical dysplasia in children

Focal cortical dysplasia are malformation of cortical development and various genetic and acquired caused are implicated in pathogenesis. This is a hospital based study of patients who visited epilepsy clinic at a tertiary care hospital during year 2009 to 2018. A total of 67 Children from birth to 15 years of age with MRI confirmation of focal cortical dysplasia were included in the study. Out of these 59.7% (40/67) were males and 40.2 (27/67) were females. Family history of epilepsy was positive in 13.4% (9/67) of children. Developmental delay was noted in 16.4 % (11/67) of children. Learning problems were noted in 18 children. The median age of onset of seizure was 43.4 months (Range 3 days of life to 14 years). About 6% (4/67) of children had initial seizure during neonatal period and 38.8% (26/67) had initial seizure during infancy. Initial semiology was of focal onset in 73.1% (49/67) and generalized in 26.8% (18/67). Change in semiology of seizures was noted in 19.4% (13/67) of patients. 52.2% (35/67) children had daily seizures. Clear cut MRI features of FCD were noted in 76.2% (51/67) of cases. Remaining 23.8% (16/67) had subtle features of FCD on MRI. The most common site of occurrence of focal cortical dysplasia was frontal lobe (50.7%). Second commonest site for occurrence of FCD was temporal lobe (31.3%). Only one patient had FCD in occipital lobe. Five patients (7.4%) had focal cortical dysplasias involving multiple lobes.
Keywords: focal cortical dysplasia, epilepsy

shikha jain
christian medical college vellore
India

sangeetha yoganathan

karthik muthusamy

 

 


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